Language Focus

SUBSTANTIAL vs SUBSTANTIVE

Study the following contexts for both items: note their meanings and collocations. Suggest Russian translation for every context.

1.     It will be argued that when the second source is threatened as well as the first, the power to coerce can devolve on the civil sphere in a [[substantive]] way.

2.     By the week of the referendum, an Irish Times opinion poll had a clear and [[substantial]] majority against the amendment, 45 per cent for and 55 per cent against.

3.     Engineering workers are also asking for a `[[substantial]] rise" in pay.

4.     GM is expected to take a key stake in Jaguar in return for [[substantial]] investment.

5.     Sir Derek's preference is to bring in some friendly Continental company such as Daimler-Benz of West Germany as a [[substantial]] minority shareholder, leaving Ferranti with a share quote and at least a semblance of independence.

6.     The unchanged Footsie, however, tended to mask some [[substantial]] falls among second and third line stocks.

7.     The leaked financial projections show that the Government is giving the authorities [[substantial]] leeway for raising dividends in real terms over the next 10 years.

8.     It will be argued that when the second source is threatened as well as the first, the power to coerce can devolve on the civil sphere in a [[substantive]] way.

9.     The [[substantive]] question, therefore, is whether the markets will receive the Chancellor's reassertion of rectitude with equanimity.

10. The [[substantive]] work has consequently shifted from the party headquarters, where all decisions used to be made, to the conference hall and the corridors.

Provide your own contexts for SUBSTANTIAL and SUBSTANTIVE.